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and interconnected with a GBTS, including two full mission sim-  sion programme for the RAAF’s Hawk fleet.   [ AIR  SYSTEMS ]
        ulators (FMS), which are in operation using state-of-the-art live  “This 10-year $1.5 billion contract with BAE
        virtual constructive (LVC) technology. The integration of in-flight  Systems Australia will progressively update
        aircraft, FMS on ground, and Computer-Generated Forces (CGF)  the performance of the fast-jet combat train-
        on the onboard simulation allow the cadet pilot to interact in real  ing aircraft, including an engine replacement,
        time with a virtual tactical scenario matching Live (aircraft in flight),  to meet the emerging needs of pilots preparing
        Virtual (simulators) and Constructive (Embedded Tactical Training  to fly the F-35A Lightning II, the F/A 18F Super
        Simulation). In an LVC environment, the most complex operational  Hornet and the EA-18G Growler until 2032,”
        scenarios can be reproduced along with the most challenging  Dutton said.
        situational awareness scenarios, which further enhancing training
        effectiveness while reducing training cost. According to company  Rolls-Royce has been contracted to deliver
        officials, the LVC capability provided by Leonardo’s training system  upgraded Mk951 Adour engines for the Hawk
        is currently fully developed and already operational, in comparison  Mk127s. The RAAF operates a fleet of 33 Hawk
        with similar initiatives in their developmental phase. The Italian Air  127 aircraft which are operated by Number 76
        Force as well as Singaporean, Israeli, Polish and Greek air forces  Squadron (RAAF Base Williamtown, New South
        have already chosen and are operating training systems centered  Wales) and Number 79 Squadron (RAAF Base
        on the M-346                                                   Pearce, Western Australia). RAAF Hawk Mk127s
                                                                       are already amongst the most capable in the
                                                                       world following a major capability upgrade on
        Future Hawk                                                    all 33 aircraft which began in 2014 and finished
        The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) operates BAE Systems     five years later in 2019 and was known as the
        Hawk 127 jet trainer aircraft for its Lead-In Fighter Training System   lead-in fighter capability assurance programme
        (LIFTS). In February, Australian Defence Minister Peter Dutton   (LIF CAP). These aircraft are comparable with
        announced a AUD1.5 billion upgrade and in-service support exten-  the UK Royal Air Force’s Hawk T2 advanced
                                                                       jet trainers.

                                                                       All  upgraded  aircraft  received  new  train-
                                                                       ing capabilities including simulated radar,
                                                                       electronic warfare, digital mapping, ground
                                                                       proximity warning system and traffic collision
                                                                       avoidance. The upgrade also included the
                                                                       replacement of two legacy synthetic training
                                                                       devices with three full-mission simulators pro-
                                                                       vided by CAE and the incorporation of an air
                                                                       combat manoeuvring instrumentation (ACMI)
                                                                       capability on to the aircraft by Cubic Defence
                                                                       Applications Inc. The Australian Hawk Mk127
                                                                       fleet entered service in 2001.


        ASIAN DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY                                                               July/August 2022 | 19
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