KRI Cakra (401) of the Indonesian Navy
The Indonesian Navy is exploring interim submarine options from several countries to temporarily boost its fleet while awaiting the arrival of two new Scorpene Evolved submarines from France's Naval Group, according to Admiral Muhammad Ali, Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy (KSAL), during the 79th Anniversary of the Indonesian Navy recently in Jakarta. The interim solution aims to fill the gap for 5 to 7 years.
Admiral Ali revealed that some European and Asian countries have presented offers. He stated that the interim submarine should be compatible with NATO-standard SEWACO systems (sensors, weapons, and communication), feature propulsion aligned with future submarine needs (full LIB diesel), and be delivered swiftly. Compatibility and diving capabilities exceeding those of the Navy's current fleet are also key considerations.
While he didn’t specify the countries or the submarines being offered, it has been indicated elsewhere that Turkey's Reis-class, Germany's Type 212, Italy's U212, Spain's S80+, and China's S26T submarines are among the possible contenders for the interim solution. Each of these submarines is being considered for its operational capabilities, delivery times, and compatibility with the Indonesian Navy’s future needs.
The Indonesian Navy currently operates four submarines - KRI Cakra (401), KRI Nagapasa (403), KRI Ardadedali (404), and KRI Alugoro (405) - but they are still deemed insufficient for safeguarding the nation's 6.4 million square kilometres of maritime territory. The Navy aims to expand its fleet to 12 submarines in the long term, including the two Scorpene Evolved submarines, which are planned to be built at PT PAL Indonesia’s shipyard in Surabaya. However, the construction of these new vessels has yet to commence, as the effective purchase contract is still pending.
Admiral Ali acknowledged that older or second-hand vessels could also be considered as an interim solution. However, he noted that this option often present issues such as higher maintenance costs, a shorter operational lifespan, and increased accident risks. Furthermore, the limited availability of suitable second-hand submarines presents an additional challenge. For instance, the United States Navy’s Los Angeles-class nuclear submarines and Brazil’s retired Tupi-class vessels were deemed unsuitable for Indonesia’s needs.
Instead of purchasing used submarines, the Indonesian government has considered refurbishing its existing fleet. The Chang Bogo-class submarines, including KRI Nagapasa, KRI Ardadedali, and KRI Alugoro, are under review for upgrades to enhance their operational readiness. PT PAL Indonesia’s recent overhaul of KRI Cakra (401) demonstrated its capability in this regard, and the company is well-positioned to lead further refurbishment efforts.
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