The Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on 14th July, has successfully landed on the Moon. The successful soft landing on the surface of the Moon makes India the fourth country in the world to achieve such a significant technological capability.
India is also the first nation to land a lunar probe on the South Pole of the Moon.
Chandrayaan-3 is India’s third lunar exploration mission and was launched into space on the fourth operational mission (M4) of ISRO’s LVM3 launcher. LVM3 is ISRO’s operational heavy lift launch vehicle and has a spectacular pedigree of completing six consecutive successful missions
Following the succesful landing of Chandrayaan-3 on the Moon, ISRO successfully deployed its rover on the lunar surface from its lunar module lander.
On the lander, the instruments in operation include CHASTE (Chandra’s Surface Thermo Physical Experiment) to carry out the measurements of thermal properties of the lunar surface near the polar region, LRA (Laser Retroreflector Array), RAMBHA-LP- a Langmuir Probe to measure surface plasma density, a laser reflector mounted on the corner of the Vikram for accurate positioning measurement of Lander on the Lunar surface by future orbiters, ILSA – Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity to measure seismicity around the landing site and to understand the structure of the lunar crust and mantle, and SHAPE – Spectro-polarimetry of HAbitable Planet Earth to study the spectro-polarimetric signatures of the habitable planet Earth in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range (1 – 1.7 μm).
The lander and rover have a mission life of one lunar day (which is equal to 14 Earth days). The lander is carrying two payloads; an Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer, to derive the chemical composition and infer mineralogical composition to further enhance the understanding of lunar surface and a Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope, which will be used to determine the elemental composition (Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca,Ti, Fe) of lunar soil and rocks around the lunar landing site.
Chandrayaan-3 consists of an indigenous propulsion module, lander module, and a rover with an objective of developing and demonstrating new technologies required for inter-planetary missions.
The propulsion module carried the lander and rover from injection orbit to till 100 km lunar orbit.
The approved cost of the Chandrayaan-3 programme is Rupees 2.5 billion (Excluding Launch Vehicle Cost).
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